Gideon's Trumpet, by Anthony Lewis
Fascinating stuff. Up until the 1960's there was a ruling (Betts v. Brady) that the right to counsel was not guaranteed in state courts, basically, if you couldn't afford one, one wouldn't necessarily be appointed for you. (This was only at the state level, federal courts it was guaranteed, because the Constitution is very clear about a citizen's 'federal rights', but less so about which rights of those a state must guarantee.) Gideon's case was the vehicle by which this was changed.
Lewis explores the history leading up to Betts v. Brady and what happened for the following 20 years until Gideon's case, the justices sitting on the Supreme Court during that time frame, and then the actual story of Gideon's arrest, requests for counsel, and appeals, that eventually let to the decision by the Court that he did in fact have the right to counsel in a state court, whether he could afford it or not.